Project Description
Sandwich Panel
A sandwich panel is any structure made of three layers: a low-density core, and a thin skin-layer bonded to each side. Sandwich panels are used in applications where a combination of high structural rigidity and low weight is required.
Sandwich panels are an example of a sandwich structured composite: the strength and lightness of this technology makes it popular and widespread. Its versatility means that the panels have many applications and come in many forms: the core and skin materials can vary widely and the core may be a honeycomb or a solid filling. Enclosed panels are termed cassettes.
Sandwich panels (sometimes referred to as composite panels or structural insulating panels (SIP) consist of two layers of a rigid material bonded to either side of a lightweight core. The three components act together as a composite; that is, the combination of the characteristics of the components results in better performance than would be possible if they were acting alone.
The lightweight core keeps the two faces in the correct position, resists shear forces, and provides insulation, while the two faces provide durability, weather and impact resistance, and resist in-plane forces of tension and compression. Sandwich panel systems include the panels themselves, the joints between them, fixings (often concealed) and a support system.
Composite cladding systems have been in use for a considerable time, in particular for the manufacture of vehicles such as trains and planes, but the development of advanced sandwich panels for cladding buildings first began in the 1930’s, when they were researched by organizations such as the Forest Products Laboratory, and used by architects including Frank Lloyd Wright. They went on to become increasingly popular following the second world war.
Modern sandwich panels can be flat, bent, curved and joined together in an almost unlimited range of configurations and are available in a wide variety of colors, finishes, thicknesses, edge details and profiles depending on performance requirements.
They are generally fabricated off-site and are particularly useful where a high-performance cladding is required, with good structural strength, a high level of insulation and low weight.
Sandwich panels are widely used as an external cladding for single and multi-storey buildings, where they are required to provide weather resistance, and resistance to wind-loading, access loads, self-weight and so on. However, they are also used to create insulated internal envelopes, ceiling panels, partitions (for example in cold stores) and for fire-resisting compartment walls.
- Industrial buildings and processing plants.
- Temporary buildings.
- Storage buildings.
- Clean rooms.
- Agricultural buildings.
- Shopping centers.
- Sports facilities.
- Transport buildings.
The outer faces of sandwich panels are most commonly made of metals such as:
- Hot-dip galvanized steel sheet.
- Aluminium.
- Zinc.
- Precast concrete, sometimes clad with other finishes such as brick.
- Cement board.
- Glass fibre reinforced polypropylene.
- Poly vinyl chloride (PVC).
- Magnesium oxide board (MgO).
- Plywood.
- Oriented strand board (OSB).
- Glass reinforced plastic (GRP).
- Expanded polystyrene (EPS).
- Extruded polystyrene (XPS).
- Mineral wool (rock fibre) (MWRF).
- Modified Phenolic foam (MPHEN).
- Polyisocyanurate (PIR).
- Folded metal, paper, aramid and carbon fibres. See Foldcore for more information.
- Honeycomb materials (such as Polypropylene).
Sandwich panels can be selected because of their:
- Ease and speed of installation.
- Rigidity.
- Thermal, fire and sound insulation.
- Air tightness
- Robustness and durability
- Low maintenance / cleaning requirements.
- Low capital cost.
- Low lifetime costs
- Chemical and biological resistance
- Light weight.
- Weather resistance.
- Dimensional stability.
- Availability as standard products off-the-shelf.
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